Those more recent developments further complicated Libya’s struggle with lawlessness and instability: Intense fighting has taken place between the LNA and the Benghazi Revolutionaries Shoura Council (BRSC) in Benghazi; between Al-Qaeda and IS in Derna; between Libya Dawn and LNA in central and western Libya; between Libya Dawn and IS in Sirte; between the PFG and IS in the oil-rich central region of Libya; and between the pro-Libya Dawn Tuareg and the pro-LNA Tabou in the Libyan Sahara. But the greatest concern for all- especially in the West- was the increasingly disconcerting presence of IS in Libya. IS had flourished in Syria and Iraq starting from 2014, the year that saw their lightning-and-thunder seizure of large areas of that part of the Middle East. The world was winded by IS’s fanatically ruthless efficiency before it felt squeamish at their cold-blooded butchery of defenceless civilians. Once IS began beheading Western hostages, Western powers reacted by launching a prolonged campaign of aerial bombardment of IS, coupled with extensive assistance to anti-IS forces in the Middle East in respect of intelligence, special forces, and logistics. Later, Russia entered the fray by actively supporting President Assad’s forces against his opponents, particularly IS and the Islamist An-Nusra Front. The resulting curtailment of IS in both Syria and Iraq led to an increasing transfer of many IS fighters to Libya. Those were estimated to be in the thousands (up from hundreds) and have been based mainly in Sirte, Qaddafi’s hometown, which they governed. IS’s presence in Sirte had principally been facilitated by masses of profoundly disgruntled Qaddafi supporters who had experienced defeat and humiliation at the hands of the anti-Qaddafi forces, something which is reminiscent of how many Sunni Iraqis had collaborated with IS after the former had been let down by the United States in the aftermath of their decisive contribution to the defeat of Al-Qaeda in Iraq in what became known as As-Sahwa (The Awakening), thereby exposing them to inhumane persecution by the Shi’ite government of Nuri Al-Maliki.
- Husam Dughman, Author and Political Analyst
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